Brain Development and DHA: The Importance in Children

Toddlerhood is a critical phase of life where the brain and cognitive function are refined. This period is essential for cognitive, emotional, and physical development as it builds the foundation for lifelong health and learning abilities. Brain & cognitive development are influenced by many nutrients, including Iron, Iodine, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is one of the critical nutrients that is directly associated with brain & cognitive development.⁽¹⁾

DHA is a fatty acid that helps in the development of the brain of children. It supports cognitive functions like memory, focus, and problem-solving skills and helps brain cells communicate effectively for better development.

Beneficial effects of DHA intake in early childhood

• Brain Development and Cognitive Function: DHA is a major structural component of the brain and is essential for neuronal growth, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmission. Adequate DHA intake has been linked to improved cognitive performance, memory, and problem-solving skills in children.⁽²⁾
• Behavioral and Emotional Well-being: DHA influences neurotransmitter function and helps regulate mood and behavior. It is also believed that DHA supplementation may reduce the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and improve emotional stability in children.⁽³⁾
• Visual Development: DHA is a key component of the retina and contributes to optimal visual acuity. Sufficient DHA levels support the development of clear vision and may help reduce the risk of vision-related issues.⁽⁴⁾
• Neural Connectivity and Muscle Coordination: DHA enhances better communication between the brain and muscles, essential for fine and gross motor skills function, such as grasping, crawling, walking, and hand-eye coordination.⁽⁵⁾
• Immune Benefits: DHA has anti-inflammatory properties that help regulate immune responses and reduce the risk of infections and inflammatory diseases. It also supports gut health, which is closely linked to immune function.⁽⁶⁾
• Neuroprotection and Learning Abilities: DHA contributes to the formation of myelin, which enhances nerve conduction and cognitive learning abilities in early childhood.⁽⁷⁾

Food sources of DHA

Here are some sources of DHA for your child:⁽⁸⁾

Natural sources: DHA is mainly found in fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel (bangda), and tuna (kera), which are commonly available in coastal regions and can be easily introduced to children in their early stages of life.⁽⁹⁾

Plant-Based Omega-3 Sources (ALA – Converts to DHA, but it happens in Small Amounts)

• Flaxseeds (Alsi) & Sabja Seeds – Rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a precursor to DHA
• Walnuts & Almonds – Good sources of plant-based omega-3s
• Soybeans & Tofu – Provide a moderate amount of omega-3 fatty acids
• Mustard Seeds & Mustard Oil – Contain beneficial omega-3s

DHA deficiency is common among Indian children due to predominantly vegetarian and vegan diets. Children may not get sufficient DHA since seafood, a major DHA source, is not widely consumed in India. This gap is furthered by low awareness about the importance of DHA. Fortified milk and other foods can be considered to support the intake of DHA for optimal brain development and overall health in children.

Fortified Milk: Fortified milk supports the intake of DHA for healthy brain development, brain function, memory, and problem-solving skills.⁽⁵⁾ 

Make sure your child is getting the DHA they need for healthy development. Talk to your pediatrician about the best DHA sources as per the age of your child and consider adding DHA-rich fortified milk and foods to their diet today!